@article {1747,
	title = {How far stationary contrast boundaries can be away to elicit behavioral responses in praying mantis},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2011  },
	pages = {127-136},
	type = {Full paper},
	chapter = {127},
	keywords = {compound eye, head movement, image velocity, Mantis religiosa, visual orientation},
	author = {Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1746,
	title = {The visual orientation strategies of Mantis religiosa and Empusa fasciata reflect differences in the structure of their visual surroundings},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {737-752},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {737},
	author = {Kral, Karl and Devetak, Dusan}
}
@article {1745,
	title = {Motion parallax as a source of distance information in locusts and mantids},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {145-163},
	type = {Review},
	chapter = {145},
	author = {Kral, Karl and Poteser, Michael}
}
@article {1744,
	title = {Serotonin-immunoreactive neurones in the visual system of the praying mantis: An immunohistochemical, confocal laser scanning and electron microscopic study},
	journal = {Brain Research},
	volume = {823},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {11-23},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {11},
	author = {Leitinger, Gerd and Pabst, Maria Anna and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1743,
	title = {Visual prey discrimination in monocular and binocular praying mantis Tenodera sinensis during postembryonic development},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {485-491},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {485},
	author = {K{\"o}ck, Astrid and Jabobs, Anna Katherina and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1742,
	title = {Visual deprivation and distance estimation in the praying mantis larvae},
	journal = {Physiological Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {230-240},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {230},
	author = {Walcher, Franz and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1741,
	title = {Visual distance discrimination in praying mantis larvae: An index of the use of motion parallax},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {198},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {2127-2137},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {2127},
	author = {Poteser, Michael and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1740,
	title = {Proprioceptive contribution to distance estimation by motion parallax in a praying mantid},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {201},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {1483-1491},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {1483},
	author = {Poteser, Michael and Pabst, Maria Anna and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1739,
	title = {Side-to-side movements to obtain motion depth cues: A short review of research on the praying mantis},
	journal = {Behavioural Processes},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {71-77},
	type = {Review},
	chapter = {71},
	author = {Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1738,
	title = {Spatial vision in the course of an insect{\textquoteright}s life},
	journal = {Brain, Behavior and Evolution},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {1-6},
	type = {Review},
	chapter = {1},
	keywords = {binocular vision, evolution, experience, Insect vision, learning, motion parallax, postembryonic development, praying mantis, spatial vision},
	author = {Kral, Karl}
}
@inbook {1737,
	title = {In the Mind of a Hunter: The Visual World of Praying Mantis},
	booktitle = {Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1 - 436 (75-115)},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	organization = {MIT Press},
	address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
	author = {Kral, Karl and Prete, Frederick R},
	editor = {Prete, F. R.}
}
@article {1736,
	title = {The role of edges in the selection of a jump target in Mantis religiosa},
	journal = {Behavioural Processes},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {122-131},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {122},
	abstract = {Before jumping to a landing object, praying mantids determine the distance, using information abtained from retinal image motion resulting from horizontal peering movements. The present study investigates the peering-jump behaviour of Mantis religiosa larvae with regard to jump targets differing in shape and size. The experimental animals were presented with square, triangular and round target objects with visual extensions of 20 and 40deg. The cardboard objects, presented against a uniform white background, were solid black or shaded with a gradation from white to black. It was found that larger objects were preferred to smaller ones as jump targets, and that the square and triangle were preferred to the round disk. When two objects were presented, no preference was exhibited between square and triangular objects. However, when three objects were presented, the square was preferred. For targets with a visual angle of 40deg, the amplitude and velocity of the horizontal peering movements were greater for the round disk than for the square or triangle. This amplification of the peering movements suggests that weaker motion signals are generated in the case of curved edges. This may help to account for the preference for the square and triangle as jump targets.},
	keywords = {Behaviour, image motion, Mantis religiosa, range determination, shape determination, visual target},
	author = {Hyden, Karin and Kral, Karl}
}
@article {1735,
	title = {Relationship between body size and spatial vision in the praying mantis - an ontogenetic study},
	journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {153-158},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {153},
	abstract = {Praying mantids determine prey-capture distances with the aid of binocular mechanisms and estimate distances to stationary objects such as jump targets with the aid of retinal image velocity. The latter mechanism makes use of the fact that the retinal image velocity resulting from translational self-motion (peering movements) is inversely proportional to the distance of the target object. The present study shows that for South African mantids Polyspilota sp., the interocular distance, an aspect of binocular vision, and the amplitude and velocity of peering movements, increase over the course of postembryonic development from 2nd instar to adult. In both cases there is a positive correlation with body size. Calculated convergence angles and retinal image velocities indicate an improvement in absolute depth perception with increased body size. This is adaptive, because it allows the range of visual depth perception to increase with body size, strike distance and jumping capability, throughout the growth of the insect, from 2nd instar to adult.},
	keywords = {body size, depth perception, peering, Polyspilota, postembryonic development, praying mantis, vision},
	author = {Kral, Karl and Poteser, Michael}
}
